Waspadai Jika Timbul Benjolan, Bisa Jadi Itu Kanker Kelenjar Getah Bening
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MediandaTerkini – Sahabat medianda terkini penyakit yang satu ini juga merupakan penyakit yang mematikan yakni penyakit kelenjar getah bening. Nah sahabat medianda terkini berikut pengertian pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening.
Sebelum memasuki pengertian pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, ada baiknya terlebih dahulu kita mengetahui pengertian kelenjar getah bening itu sendiri. Kelenjar getah bening adalah gumpalan jaringan, kira-kira seukuran kacang dan merupakan ‘rumah’ bagi banyak sel darah putih. Kelenjar ini terdapat di seluruh tubuh dan merupakan bagian penting dari sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia.
Kelenjar getah bening membengkak ketika tubuh merespons terhadap infeksi atau peradangan. Kelenjar getah bening juga bisa membengkak dalam penyakit autoimun seperti rematoid artritis dan juga kanker. Pembengkakan akan mereda seiring kondisi Anda pulih dari penyakit.
Biasanya area yang kerap mengalami kondisi ini adalah ketiak, daerah di bawah dagu, pangkal paha, dan leher.
Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening yang disebabkan oleh infeksi ringan, biasanya akan pulih dengan sendirinya. Tapi jika Anda mengalami kondisi-kondisi seperti di bawah ini, Anda disarankan untuk memeriksakan diri ke dokter, diantaranya:
1. Kelenjar terasa keras saat ditekan.
2. Kelenjar membengkak tanpa sebab yang jelas, terutama ketika kondisi Anda sedang bugar.
3. Kelenjar telah membengkak lebih dari dua minggu.
4. Anda mengalami demam yang tidak kunjung mereda.
5. Anda mengalami penurunan berat badan tanpa sebab yang jelas.
6. Anda mengalami sakit tenggorokan yang menyebabkan sulit menelan atau bernapas.
Penyebab Pembengkakan Kelenjar Getah Bening
Sahabat medianda terkini banyak kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, salah satunya adalah infeksi lokal atau infeksi di sekitar kelenjar yang bengkak. Infeksi sejenis ini biasanya bersifat tidak menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain. Kelenjar yang membengkak di area tersebut akan terasa lunak dan bisa terasa sakit. Contoh umum infeksi meliputi infeksi telinga, abses gigi, pilek, radang pita suara, radang amandel, dan infeksi kulit selulitis.
Selain infeksi lokal, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening juga bisa disebabkan oleh infeksi virus, misalnya campak Jerman dan demam kelenjar. Rubella adalah virus yang menyebabkan campak Jerman. Rubella biasanya menyebabkan pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di bagian leher, kepala, dan belakang telinga. Sedangkan untuk kondisi demam kelenjar, biasanya pembengkakan terjadi pada daerah leher.
Ada beberapa penyebab pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening yang tergolong jarang, diantaranya:
1. Rematoid artritis, sama seperti penyakit lupus, namun pada kondisi ini yang diserang oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh hanyalah jaringan yang melapisi sendi. Akibatnya penderita menjadi sulit bergerak dan mengalami gangguan pada tulang dan tulang rawan.
2. Campak, yaitu kondisi yang menyebabkan kulit penderitanya bermunculan bintik-bintik khas berwarna merah atau cokelat.
3. Penyakit lupus, yaitu kondisi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh berbalik menyerang sendi, organ, kulit, dan sel darah sehingga penderitanya mengalami nyeri, rasa lelah, dan ruam pada kulit.
Penyebab pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening yang tergolong mematikan
Ada kalanya ketika benjolan itu bukanlah pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening yang biasa, tapi merupakan tanda perkembangan atau penyebaran kanker dari jaringan organ ke kelenjar getah bening.
Tanda-tanda kanker sebagai penyebab suatu pembengkakan adalah:
1. Benjolan yang tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit dan terasa keras saat disentuh.
2. Benjolan bertumbuh makin besar secara perlahan-lahan.
Selain kanker, kondisi berbahaya yang juga menyebabkan pembengkakan kelenjar adalah infeksi darah. Penderita infeksi darah akan terlihat sangat sakit dan lemas. Mereka juga akan mengalami demam yang memburuk disertai tubuh yang menggigil. Infeksi darah disebabkan oleh bakteri dan penderita akan membutuhkan perawatan di rumah sakit secepatnya.
Diagnosis Pembengkakan Kelenjar Getah Bening
Sahabat medianda terkini sebelum melakukan pengobatan, dokter akan melakukan diagnosis terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui kondisi yang menyebabkan pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening. Diagnosis tersebut akan berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang dirasakan oleh pasien atau berupa beberapa tes.
Riwayat kesehatan akan ditanyakan dokter untuk mencari tahu penyebab pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening. Selain itu, dokter juga dapat melakukan pemeriksaan fisik di area benjolan agar mendapatkan petunjuk mengenai penyebabnya. Dokter akan memeriksa ukuran, tingkat kelunakan, kehangatan, serta tekstur dari benjolan tersebut.
Jika kanker dicurigai sebagai penyebab benjolan, terlebih lagi jika pembengkakan telah berlangsung selama dua minggu, pemeriksaan darah akan dilakukan. Tes ini dilakukan untuk membedakan penyebab benjolan seperti infeksi dari kanker.
Jika masih belum jelas, dokter akan menyarankan pemeriksaan gambar dengan X-ray atau pun CT scan. Melalui pemeriksaan ini, sumber infeksi penyebab pembengkakan dapat diketahui, bahkan tumor pun dapat terdeteksi.
Jika penyebab terjadinya pembengkakan masih belum diketahui, metode biopsi akan dilakukan. Dalam prosedur ini, sedikit sampel dari benjolan itu akan diambil dan diperiksa melalui mikroskop.
Pengobatan Pembengkakan Kelenjar Getah Bening
Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening biasanya reda setelah kondisi yang menyebabkannya berhasil diatasi. Oleh karena itu pengobatannya pun bergantung pada kondisi-kondisi tersebut.
Untuk infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus (seperti halnya dengan campak Jerman dan demam kelenjar), Anda hanya perlu minum banyak cairan, beristirahat, dan meringankan gejalanya dengan obat-obatan yang dapat dibeli langsung di apotik, seperti parasetamol dan ibuprofen.
Jika pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, antibiotik akan membantu. Untuk kondisi yang tergolong serius, seperti infeksi darah, pasien akan perlu dirawat di rumah sakit.
Jika pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh (misalnya rematoid artritis dan lupus), maka pengobatan akan ditargetkan langsung pada kondisi yang mendasarinya tersebut.
Untuk kanker, pengobatan akan tergantung pada jenis kanker tersebut. Selain dengan obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi, umumnya penanganan kanker melibatkan prosedur kemoterapi, radiasi, atau operasi.
Jika Anda berusia setengah baya atau lebih tua, segera periksakan diri ke dokter spesialis THT (telinga, hidung, dan tenggorokan) jika mengalami pembengkakan secara terus-menerus pada area leher. Karena jenis kanker lainnya, seperti kanker tenggorokan, bisa menjadi penyebab pembengkakan tersebut. Semoga bermanfaat.
